Fluids intake, volume of urine and hydration status among male college athletics in one university of Beijing in spring / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate and analyze the fluids intake, urine output and hydration status during spring among male college athletics from one university in Beijing, and to provide scientific evidence for launching targeted health education.@*Methods@#A simple random sampling method was used to select 109 male students in college with habit of exercise.Total drinking fluids was assessed by 7-day 24-hour fluid intake questionnaire. The water from food was assessed by the duplicate portion method and the weight method. The urine samples of 24-hour was collected for 3 consecutive days, and the volume, osmolality and specific gravity of urine were measured. The energy expenditure in exercise was estimated by using the exercise plan.@*Results@#The median drinking fluids intake, water from food, total fluids intake and urine volume were 1 789, 955, 2 701, 850 mL/d, respectively. 15.6% of the subjects were in proper hydration status, and 43.1% of the subjects were in dehydration. The differences between drinking fluids intake, water from food, total fluids intake and urine volume of subjects in the different BMI and BF% levels were not significant(P>0.05). The differences between drinking fluids intake and total fluids intake of subjects in the different energy expenditure in exercise levels were significant(χ2=9.20, 8.43, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Comparing with the normal college students, the drinking fluids intake and total fluids intake of male sports people were higher, the volume of urine was lower, and the hydration status was worse. The targeted health education about water intake was recommended.

Analysis of the amount and types of fluid intake among male college students in spring / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate and analyze the amount and the type of fluid intake in spring among male college athletics in a university in Beijing, and to provide scientific basis and reference data for fluid intake-related education and formulating adequate water intake.@*Methods@#A simple random sampling method was used to select 109 male sports crowd from a college in Beijing. The information on amount and types of fluid intake were recorded using the validated 7-day fluid specific diary.@*Results@#The median amount of daily fluid intake among participants was 1 789 mL. The number of participants who reached the amount of adequate water intake for Chinese adult residents 60, which accounted for 55.1% of the total participants. There was difference on the amount of fluid intake among different participants after grouped by the quartiles of exercise consumption(χ2=9.20, P=0.03). There were also differences in the percentage of fluid intake reaching the recommended amount on adequate water intake(χ2=18.27, P=0.04). The median amount of plain water, dairy products, sports beverages, and other sugary beverages were 1 180, 40, 65, and 383 mL, respectively; which accounted for 67.1%, 2.2%, 3.7%, and 22.2% of daily fluid intake. There was difference on the amount of sports beverages among different participants after grouped by the quartiles of BF%(χ2=8.59, P=0.04). There was difference on the amount of sports beverages (χ2=8.25, P=0.00) and other sugar-sweetened beverages (χ2=8.57, P=0.02) among different participants after grouped by the quartiles of energy expenditure.@*Conclusion@#Among male sports population in a university in Beijing, the amount of fluid intake differed among different participants after grouped by the quartiles of exercise consumption. As the exercise consumption of participants increased, the water consumption increased. Participants mainly drink plain water, and there were differences on the types of fluid intake among participants with different BF% and different energy expenditure.

Value of protein array in the diagnosis of Helicobactor pylori infection in children / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the value of multiple Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) antibody detection by protein array in the diagnosis of H.pylori infection in children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Biopsy specimens obtained by gastroscopy from 120 children with digestive system symptoms were detected by rapid urease test (RUT) and modified Giemsa staining. Positivity in both RUT and Giemsa staining was the "gold criterion" of H.pylori infection. Serum samples of these patients were obtained and the antibodies against cytotoxin associated gene A protein (CagA), vacuolating toxin A (VacA), urease, heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60) and RdxA (nitroreductase) were detected by protein array technique.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>H.pylori infection was identified according to the "gold criterion" in 60 children. Compared with the "gold criterion", the goodness of fit and the coefficient of contingency in the diagnosis of H.pylori infection of the following four groups antibody detection were all statistically significant (P<0.001): anti-Ure antibody alone, anti-Ure antibody combined with anti-CagA antibody, anti-Ure antibody combined with anti-VacA antibody and anti-Ure antibody combined with anti-CagA and anti-VacA antibody. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the detection of anti-Ure antibody combined with anti-CagA antibody for the diagnosis of H.pylori infection were 81.7%, 91.7% and 86.7%, respectively. The antibody detection showed a high positive predictive value (90.7%) and a high negative predictive value (83.3%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The antibody detection by protein array, especially the detection of anti-Ure antibody combined with anti-CagA antibody, is valuable in the diagnosis of H.pylori infection.</p>

Value of aVR lead four steps algorithm on differential diagnosis of wide QRS complex tachycardia / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The aVR lead four steps is a new algorithm for differential diagnosis of wide QRS complex tachycardia (WCT). The study explores the clinical value of this new algorithm on differential diagnosis of WCT.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Application of aVR lead four steps to analysis the electrocardiogram of patients with WCT proved by electrophysiological study. Every step's accuracy rate, sensitivity and specificity to differential diagnosis of ventricular tachycardia (VT) were calculated. The first step diagnosed VT according to presence of an initial R wave in the aVR lead. The second step diagnosed VT according to width of an initial r or q wave > 40 ms in the aVR lead. The third step diagnosed VT according to notching on the initial downstroke of a predominantly negative QRS complex in the aVR lead. The fourth step diagnosis VT according to ventricular activation-velocity ratio (Vi/Vt) in the aVR lead, Vi/Vt ≤ 1 suggested VT. Results derived from aVR lead four steps algorithm were compared with results derived from Brugada and Vereckei four steps algorithm.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 113 patients with WCT were analyzed (31 supraventricular tachycardia, SVT and 82 ventricular tachycardia, VT). The accuracy rate of differential diagnosis VT is 91.2%, sensitivity is 90.2% and specificity is 77.4%. The accuracy and sensitivity of the aVR lead four steps algorithm for differential diagnosis of WCT were superior to the Brugada Vereckei four steps algorithm (P < 0.05). The specificity of the Vereckei four steps algorithm was superior to aVR lead and Brugada four steps algorithm (P < 0.05), while the specificity of the aVR lead four steps algorithm was similar as Brugada four steps algorithm (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The aVR lead four steps algorithm is associated with excellent accuracy rate, sensitivity for differential diagnosis of WCT. This algorithm is simple and could be easily learned and applied by physician.</p>

Viable myocardium detecting by CARTO voltage mapping in swine model of acute myocardial infarction / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the accuracy and practicability of detecting viable myocardium by CARTO voltage mapping in swine model of acute myocardial infarction (MI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>MI was induced in 13 anesthetized swines via occluding the distal of left anterior descending coronary arteries by angioplasty balloon for 60-90 minutes. The viable myocardium detection by CARTO voltage mapping was made after reconstruction of the left ventricle using CARTO and the results were compared with TTC staining. The standard of CARTO voltage to detect viable myocardium was 0.5 - 1.5 mV while viable myocardium showed pink color by TTC staining.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Eleven out of 13 swines survived the operation and 2 swines died of ventricular fibrillation at 45 and 65 minutes post ischemia. Left ventricle was divided into 16 segments and 176 segments from 11 swines were analyzed. Viable myocardium detected by CARTO voltage mapping was identical as identified by TTC staining (Kappa = 0.816, P < 0.001). Taken the TTC result as standard, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy rate of CARTO voltage mapping are 71.8%, 96.5% and 90.9% respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CARTO voltage mapping could be used as a reliable tool to detect viable myocardium in this model.</p>

Safety and efficacy of intraoperative defibrillation threshold measured by defibrillation safety margin in 52 patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillator / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the safety and efficacy of implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) intraoperative defibrillation threshold (DFT) measured by defibrillation safety margin (DSM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-two patients underwent ICD implantation were enrolled in this study (25 single chamber ICD, 23 double chamber ICD, 4 three chamber ICD). DFT was measured by DSM method. All patients were followup regularly.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>DFT was (13.27 ± 2.95) J and DSM was (17.40 ± 2.89) J in this patient cohort. There were no serious intraoperative complications. Malignant ventricular arrhythmia occurred in 38 patients post ICD, 469 episodes of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) were spontaneously terminated, 265 episodes were sustained VT and 245 (92.5%) episodes were successfully terminated by 1 antitachycardia pace treatment (ATP), 13 (4.89%) episodes successfully terminated by 2 ATP, and ATP failed to terminate VT in 7 (2.64%) episodes and VTs were terminated by low energy cardioversion. All 141 episodes of ventricular fibrillation (VF) were successfully identified, and 14 episodes spontaneously terminated before discharging, 127 VF episodes (91.34%) were terminated by 1 energy shock, defibrillation energy was (12.84 ± 3.18) J, 11 (12.2%) VF episodes were terminated by 2 energy shocks, defibrillation energy was (16.36 ± 2.34) J.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It is safe and feasible to use defibrillation threshold measured by DSM for patients receiving ICD implantation.</p>

Efficacy of biofeedback therapy in children with functional constipation / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the benefits of biofeedback therapy in children with functional constipation caused by pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD).</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Anorectal manometry (PC Polygraf HR, Medtronic) was performed in children with functional constipation according to the diagnostic criteria of Rome III. Among them, 47 cases with PFD were trained with biofeedback therapy (PC Polygraf HR, Medtronic) according to the degree of cooperation. They received the treatment twice every week, and those in whom the therapy was performed at least three times were enrolled to evaluate the efficacy in this study.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>A total of 27 cases (20 male and 7 female) in whom the procedure was performed at least three times were eligible for inclusion into this study. The mean age of them was (6.7 + or - 2.2) years (range 4 to 12 years), and the mean duration of symptoms was (3.0 + or - 2.3) years with a range of 6 months to 8 years. Among them, 16 cases received the biofeedback training more than 5 times, while 8 cases more than 7 times. The rectal maximum contraction pressure during defecation was increased significantly with the number of biofeedback training before treatment and after 3, 5, and 7 times of treatment was (36.2 + or - 10.4), (45.1 + or - 9.5), (47.6 + or - 9.1), and (47.8 + or - 8.8) mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa) respectively (P < 0.01). The potential of electromyography of external anal sphincter decreased progressively, but had not reached significance. Follow-up continued for 3 to 12 months by telephone, the clinical response to biofeedback treatment was evaluated as excellent (complete resolution of constipation), good (improvement of constipation), partial or poor (no improvement of constipation). The response was excellent in 13 cases (48.1%), good in 8 (29.6%), partial in 3 (11.1%), and 2 (7.5%) cases had no improvement, and 1 case was lost to follow-up, and the rate of success was 88.9% (24/27).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Biofeedback therapy is a safe and effective treatment option for functional constipation due to PFD in children probably by increasing the rectal maximum contraction pressure during defecation.</p>

Pathogenic effects of primary duodenogastric reflux on gastric mucosa of children / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Duodenogastric reflux (DGR) is a reverse flow of duodenal juice into stomach through pylorus composed of bile acid, pancreatic secretion, and intestinal secretion. The increased entero-gastric reflux results in mucosal injury that may relate not only to reflux gastritis but also esophagitis, gastric ulcers, carcinoma of stomach and esophagus. However, the exact mechanisms of gastric mucosal damage caused by DGR are still unknown. The objective of the present study is to investigate the pathogenic effect of primary DGR on gastric mucosa in children, and to explore the correlation of DGR with clinical symptoms, Hp infection and intragastric acidity.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Totally 81 patients with upper gastrointestinal manifestations were enrolled and they were graded according to the symptom scores and underwent endoscopic, histological examinations and 24-hour intra-gastric bilirubin was monitored with Bilitec 2000. Of the 81 cases, 51 underwent the 24-hour intra-gastric pH monitoring by ambulatory pH recorder simultaneously. The total fraction time of bile reflux was considered as a marker to evaluate the severity of DGR. The total fraction time of bile reflux was compared between the patients with positive and negative results under endoscopy and histologically, respectively. The correlations of the total fraction time of bile reflux with clinical symptom score, Hp infection, intragastric acidity were analyzed respectively.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The total fraction time of bile reflux in the patients with hyperemia and yellow stain gastric antral mucosa under endoscopy was significantly higher than that without those changes [17.1% (0.5% approximately 53.2%) vs. 6.5% (0 approximately 58.6%), Z = -1.980, P < 0.05; 19.8% (0.5% approximately 58.6%) vs. 8.8% (0 approximately 38.0%), Z = -2.956, P < 0.01 respectively]. Histologically, the cases with intestinal metaplasia had significantly higher total fraction time of bile reflux than in the cases without intestinal metaplasia [29.0% (1.9% approximately 58.6%) vs. 14.3% (0 approximately 53.7%), Z = -2.026, P < 0.05], but no significant difference was found either between the cases with and without chronic inflammation (P > 0.05) or between the cases with and without active inflammation (P > 0.05). The severity of bile reflux was positively correlated with the score of abdominal distention (r = 0.258, P < 0.05), but no correlation with either the severity of intragastric acid (r = -0.124, P > 0.05), or Hp infection (r = 0.016, P > 0.05) was found.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Primary DGR could cause gastric mucosal lesions manifested mainly as hyperemia and bile-stained gastric antral mucosa under endoscopy and the gastric antral intestinal metaplasia histologically in children. There was no significant correlation between DGR and gastric mucosal inflammatory infiltration. DGR had no relevance to Hp infection and intragastric acidity. We conclude that DGR is probably an independent etiological factor and might play a synergistic role in the pathogenesis of gastric mucosal lesions along with gastric acid and Hp infection.</p>